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The standard test to assess whether men are at risk of prostate cancer is a blood test, known as a PSA test.  PSA stands for Prostate Specific Antigen, a protein made by the prostate which naturally leaks into the bloodstream. The PSA test is used to assess whether a patient is at risk from prostate cancer;  a high PSA indicates cancer may be present. PSA is also used to assess the effectiveness of prostate cancer treatment three months after the treatment has been completed. A highly sensitive PSA measurement is used in order to detect the smallest amount of the protein. A score equal to or below 0.01ng/ml is considered to be optimal, indicating the treatment has eliminated all cancer cells.